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The Boy in the Striped Pajamas

The Boy in the Striped Pajamas

This well-meaning book ends up distorting the Holocaust.

by
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Soon there will be no more eyewitnesses. The Holocaust is inexorably moving from personal testimony to textual narrative.

Survivors, those who clung to life no matter how unbearable so that they could confirm the unimaginable and attest to the unbelievable, are harder to find after more than half a century. It is the written word that will have to substitute for the heart-rending tales of woe shared by those who endured hell on earth. That is, after all, all that will remain of six million victims.

Holocaust authors have a daunting responsibility.

Holocaust authors have a daunting responsibility. They must speak for those who cannot, but whose suffering demands to be remembered and whose deaths cry out for posthumous meaning. Their task transcends the mere recording of history. It is nothing less than a sacred mission. Holocaust literature, like the biblical admonition to remember the crimes of Amalek, deservedly rises to the level of the holy.

For that reason I admire anyone who is courageous enough to attempt to deal with the subject. No, there will never be too many books about this dreadful period we would rather forget. No, we have no right to ignore the past because it is unpleasant or refuse to let reality intrude on our preference for fun and for laughter. And John Boyne is to be commended for tackling a frightening story that needs to be told to teenagers today in The Boy in the Striped Pajamas -- a fictional account of the Nazi era that uses the powerful device of a tale told from the perspective of its nine year old hero.

I came to this book fully prepared to love it. Although the publisher insists that all reviewers not reveal its story, the back cover promises "As memorable an introduction to the subject as The Diary of Anne Frank." And indeed the writing is gripping. The style, sharing with Anne Frank the distinctive voice of youth, is extremely effective. One can readily understand why the book has had such a strong impact on countless readers, become required reading in high school Holocaust courses round the country, and is about to be released as a major motion picture.

And yet…

How should one react to a book that ostensibly seeks to inform while it so blatantly distorts? If it is meant as a way of understanding what actually happened -- and indeed for many students it will be the definitive and perhaps only Holocaust account to which they will be exposed -- how will its inaccuracies affect the way in which readers will remain oblivious to the most important moral message we are to discover in the holocaust's aftermath?

Without giving away the plot, it is enough to tell you that Bruno, the nine-year-old son of the Nazi Commandant at Auschwitz (never identified by that name, but rather as "Out-With" -- a lame pun I think out of place in context) lives within yards of the concentration camp his father oversees and actually believes that its inhabitants who wear striped pajamas -- oh, how lucky, he thinks, to be able to be so comfortably dressed --spend their time on vacation drinking in cafes on the premises while their children are happily playing games all day long even as he envies them their carefree lives and friendships! And, oh yes, this son of a Nazi in the mid 1940's does not know what a Jew is, and whether he is one too! And after a year of surreptitious meetings with a same-aged nine-year-old Jewish boy who somehow manages every day to find time to meet him at an unobserved fence (!) (Note to the reader: There were no nine-year-old Jewish boys in Auschwitz -- the Nazis immediately gassed those not old enough to work) Bruno still doesn't have a clue about what is going on inside this hell -- this after supposedly sharing an intimate friendship with someone surrounded by torture and death every waking moment!

According to the book's premise, it was possible to live in the immediate proximity of Auschwitz and simply not know -- the defense of those Germans who denied their complicity.

Do you see the most egregious part of this picture? As Elie Wiesel put it, the cruelest lesson of the Holocaust was not man's capacity for inhumanity -- but the far more prevalent and dangerous capacity for indifference. There were millions who knew and did nothing. There were "good people" who watched -- as if passivity in the face of evil was sinless. If there is to be a moral we must exact from the Holocaust it is the "never again" that must henceforth be applied to our cowardice to intervene, our failure to react when evildoers rush in to fill the ethical vacuum.

Yet if we were to believe the premise of The Boy in the Striped Pajamas, it was possible to live in the immediate proximity of Auschwitz and simply not know -- the very defense of all those Germans after the war who chose to deny their complicity.

True, Bruno in the story was but a boy. But I have spoken to Auschwitz survivors. They tell me how the stench of burning human flesh and the ashes of corpses from the crematoria filled the air for miles around. The trains traveling with human cargo stacked like cordwood screaming for water as they died standing in their natural wastes without even room to fall to the ground were witnessed throughout every countryside. Nobody, not even little German children who were weaned on hatred of the Jews as subhuman vermin could have been unaware of "The Final Solution." And to suggest that Bruno simply had no idea what was happening in the camp his father directed yards from his home is to allow the myth that those who were not directly involved can claim innocence.

But it's only a fable, a story, and stories don't have to be factually accurate. It's just a naive little boy who makes mistaken assumptions. However that misses the point. This is a story that is supposed to convey truths about one of the most horrendous eras of history. It is meant to lead us to judgments about these events that will determine what lessons we ultimately learn from them.

So what will the students studying this as required reading take away from it? The camps certainly weren't that bad if youngsters like Shmuley, Bruno's friend, were able to walk about freely, have clandestine meetings at a fence (non-electrified, it appears) which even allows for crawling underneath it, never reveals the constant presence of death, and survives without being forced into full-time labor. And as for those people in the striped pajamas -- why if you only saw them from a distance you would never know these weren't happy masqueraders!

My Auschwitz friend read the book at my urging. He wept, and begged me tell everyone that this book is not just a lie and not just a fairytale, but a profanation. No one may dare alter the truths of the Holocaust, no matter how noble his motives.

The Holocaust is simply too grim a subject for Grimm fairytales.

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Published: October 23, 2008

Visitor Comments: 215

(196) Anonymous, May 20, 2013 9:30 PM

Aww this story is soooo very sad I almost want to cry :( :( it also very crul and depresing I do like the book but watching the film makes.. it.worse I think :( ...

(195) Zara, May 4, 2013 9:52 PM

After watching the movie a second time, I felt something was off about not only the historical accuracy of the story being told, but also the point it was making. I caught myself thinking Bruno was innocent, pure, honest and did not deserve his ending. The little jewish boy however, I seemed to have held a slight grudge against, I did not pity him as much as I did the first time I saw the movie. I was blaming him for what happens to Bruno. These were ofcourse subconcious feelings, after pondering them I dismissed them but I am starting to think it was not that odd for me to have felt this way. It was Shmuel who, once Bruno brought up the idea, persisted upon him going through with it. He, who knew how terrible the camp as and how difficult it would be for his friend, who had been helping him, to get out again.

(194) Verena, April 17, 2013 3:13 AM

Soo sad

It's a feeling that I'm not sure how to describe .. I've never felt that type of pain and fear from watching a movie! I never quite learned about the haulacast much but this book makes me want to dig soOo deep! My mother was born into that very war! 1942 and she happens to be German!! She was born in Berlin Germany in 1942! This sickens me to the core of my stomach!! Awww what those people endured.. Woooow it makes me take a step back and re-think my thoughts about this place we live in.. This world and the evil that has been created! I can't sleep, that really messed me up!!!

(193) Anonymous, March 22, 2013 1:27 PM

Critical Thinking

Yes, the book is a fable, it "relates a fictitious event in the past for the obvious purpose of illustrating an ethical truth" (Studium 19), and it is equally important to teach teenage students how to read literature critically. This book presents an opportunity to present the ethical truth through the relationship of the two boys and to illustrate the historical truth about the final solution, as well as the truth that most boys Shmuel's age would have been killed at Auschwitz.

(192) Sarah, March 7, 2013 10:49 PM

You are all being crazy.

This is a book. A BOOK! It is FICTION. Those of you who are upset about it not being realistic enough wouldnt take away your childrens books about Snow White, Santa and Spiderman would you?? I am pretty sure I could have a LONG list of things that are not accurate with those books. This is just a way to show a different side, a fictional side, but a possible side to a young German boy. It actually got me thinking, just as all Jews, Blacks and Indians are not bad... Just maybe not all German families were too. It made me see a side that could have been true, Nazi families embarrassed of there own country and leader. Did not even inform there own children of the disaster that was going on around them. In the movie they move, pretty much as soon as the situation got bad, the kids were in a home all by themselves with a only a tutor and newspapers to the outside world. I can see how the boy can be so naive about the world around him in that situation.The ending of this movie left a whole in my heart but I thought it was nice to see it through the eyes of a naive, German child.

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About the Author

Rabbi Benjamin Blech

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Rabbi Benjamin Blech, a frequent contributor to Aish, is a Professor of Talmud at Yeshiva University and an internationally recognized educator, religious leader, and lecturer. Author of 14 highly acclaimed books with combined sales of over a half million copies, his newest, The World From A Spiritual Perspective, is a collection of over 100 of his best Aish articles. See his website at www.benjaminblech.com.

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