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In November 1938, an event occurred which was called "Kristallnacht," or the "Night of Broken Glass."
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Synagogue Burning on Kristallnacht |
The Germans were looking for a way to get rid of their Jews. Send them anywhere, but just get them out. Many Jews of Polish origin had come to Germany because conditions were so much better there than in Poland. The Germans saw this as a group to be easily gotten rid of.
They were rounded up and, on one cold, rainy night in the fall, they were herded and beaten across the border. 12,000-17,000 Polish Jews, who were not considered Poles any more, found themselves in a small border town in Poland that had a population of 6,000 Poles. There was no place to put them, so they were stuck into military stables, under impossible conditions. They hadn’t eaten for days.
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Herszel Grynszpan |
Two of these Polish Jews had a son named Henry Grynszpan, who was living in Paris. The boy was frantic with concern for his parents and felt that he needed to "do" something to publicize to the world what was happening to the Jews in Germany. This seventeen-year-old boy got a gun, walked to the German embassy in Paris, and shot the first man he saw– an embassy official named Ernst Von Rath. Von Rath died. This triggered a "spontaneous" uprising against the Jews. It had actually been planned for quite a while, and this was just the pretext to put the plan into action.
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Siegen Syngagogue Burning on Kristallnacht |
In one night, 1,350 Jewish synagogues were burnt to the ground or destroyed; over 91 Jews were killed; 30,000 Jews were thrown into concentration camps; 7,000 Jewish businesses were destroyed; and thousands of Jewish homes were ransacked.
Germany did not produce plate glass at the time, and it took Belgium’s total plate glass production about 6 months to replace all the windows that were broken. To top everything off, the Jews were charged 1 billion Deutsch Marks to pay for the damages.
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Synagogue in Baden-Baden During Kristallnacht |
It is hard for us to imagine the scope of destruction on Kristallnacht:
Every town, every place had its little "shteibel." Germany was filled with beautiful, old synagogues that had been there for centuries. And overnight it all went up in flames. The Jews finally got the message: It was time to leave.
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Burning Dome of Synagogue on Kristallnacht |
But … where to go?
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Remains of Fasanenstrasse Synagogue After Kristallnacht |
_(english).gif "Historical Background")
_(english).gif "The Trains")
_(english).gif "Germany In Russia")
(69) Anonymous , May 25, 2009
WOW
this par.is amazing and it helps a lot cause i'm doing a project of kristalnacht and i got an A cause i wrote some facts about the par. it is very sad this actually happened some say 11 million people were killed by hitler but it is not certain WOW
(68) Anonymous , April 28, 2009
impressive
Im doing a project for s.s about the Jews, and that was the only project that i got really interested in because its something real, true, and it shows how the jews suferred with the Germans.
(67) missannie , April 25, 2009
This is very informative and helps a person understand the dire situation the Jews faced at this time in history. How sad to have lost so many individuals. It is hard to imagine having that much disregard for human life.
(66) arelis , April 20, 2009
this helped me so much and made me see the real horrible people germans are. I can't belive they had the jews pay for their damages!
(65) Casey , April 16, 2009
This was very helpful. Thank you. It is very very sad.