1. What is the Hebrew name and the principle (not the Toldah examples) of the following Melachot:

a. Winnowing
b. Selecting
c. Sifting
d. Grinding
e. Dough-making/kneading

2. What are the three conditions necessary to allow one to select from a mixture?

3. How can you make a vegetable salad on Shabbos when starting out with whole vegetables (2 methods)?

4. Can you crush matzah with a mortar and pestle (used to grind spices for medicine)? Why or why not?

5. a. In what case are you not allowed to take pills on Shabbos?

b. In what cases are you allowed to take them?

6. What is permitted to transgress when dealing with an injury which can result in physical permanent damage, but no life danger is involved?

7. Can one make a runny mixture of Russian salad dressing on Shabbos? If yes, how?

ANSWERS

1. a. Zoreh: Making use of nature for selecting
b/c. Borer and Merakeid: Separating something from a mixture in order to purify either:
- Bad from good, or
- By way of using a separating utensil, or
- For later use / storage

d. Tochein - Breaking something down, whose origin is from the ground, into a newer form.

e. Lisha - Mixing two substances with different consistencies, that together stick to become a third product, which is either dough-like or thick and consistent.

2. Removing the good from the bad, by hand, and for immediate use.

3. a) Cut the vegetables a little bigger than you normally want them to be when making a vegetable salad during the week, and only do this right before the meal. or

b) Cut them even very small by using the following two shinui'im (changes):
i. In the cutting edge, e.g. using the handle of a fork to cut them, and
ii. To cut them in a 'awkward place' for cutting, e.g. inside a bowl.

4. No. Even though it is permitted to grind matzah into very small pieces (because there is no prohibition of grinding something that has previously been ground), the use of the mortar and pestle is considered an Uvdah d'Chol (because it is made for grinding) and is therefore prohibited.

5. a. If taken to treat a minor illness or to alleviate physical discomfort.

b. When they come to treat or prevent a person who is ill in bed, or his body is completely weakened, or he is in great pain.

6. In such a case, one is allowed to transgress a Rabbinic prohibition straight out, but not a Torah Melacha.

7. Generally, making a runny mixture is prohibited by the Rabbis, but is permitted with two shinui'im:

a. Add the powder to the complete amount of milk or water (thereby reversing the normal order it is generally made), and

b. Stir it in a unconventional way, e.g. by stirring in a back and forth motion instead of circularly.