CATEGORIES OF MUKTZAH (continued):

4. Muktzah Machmat Gufo -- Objects which inherently have no use on Shabbat

a. Any object that in its present state has no designated physical use whatsoever is Muktzah (i.e. it is neither [edible] food nor a halachic "vessel"). Examples: sticks and stones found in the street, the flame of a fire, a bar of soap, animals, raw [inedible] food, money.

The following actions may be done prior to Shabbat, in order to make these objects usable on Shabbat:

(1) If the new, intended use is a normal one for that object, then using it once before Shabbat in that capacity makes it usable on Shabbat. In time of need, one can merely designate it before Shabbat for that use on Shabbat (without ever actually having used it in that capacity). Example: using a heavy stone as a doorstop.

(2) If the new, intended use is not normal for that object, then it is necessary to:

a) Physically effect a change in the object for its new use (e.g. by painting or sanding it), or

b) Decide to use that object for the new purpose permanently. Examples: using a block of wood as a stool, or a special stone as a souvenir.

b. Food that is (1) not edible for human or animal consumption (e.g. hard nut shells), or (2) not meant to be given to animals (either because there are no animals in the neighborhood, or because one would be careful to not give it to them), is Muktzah and may not be moved. Examples: raw (expensive) meat, coffee beans, uncooked rice, pistachio shells.

c. A piece that breaks off an object (e.g. a button that fell off), which one intends to repair after Shabbat, is Muktzah and may not be moved. If the original object itself becomes impractical for use, it is also Muktzah -- e.g. a baby carriage whose wheel fell off.

If one has no intention of repairing the broken piece, and there exists some use for it, it may be moved on Shabbat. Furthermore, the original object may be moved as long as it still has some practical use (e.g. a baby carriage could be pushed with three wheels, or eyeglasses with one lens out), or if it is impossible to fix it -- e.g. the fourth wheel has been lost.

Some are strict and consider as Muktzah objects that have no other non-Melacha use at all. Examples: a telephone, a gas knob.

5. Nolad (lit. "born")

Note: this type of Nolad is only prohibited on Yom Tov. 'Absolute Nolad' is prohibited on Shabbat as well.

An object that attains a completely new status or use on Yom Tov, even though it was not classified as Muktzah before Yom Tov, now becomes Muktzah. For example, bones left over from a meal, although they were previously considered food (while together with the meat), are now classified as animal food and are therefore "Nolad" and Muktzah. Another example: if a plate broke on Yom Tov, it is prohibited because of Muktzah to use a broken piece of the plate to cover a pot, since this entails a completely new use.