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Mishpatim(Exodus 21-24)
Down-To-Earth Spirituality
Last week's Parsha told of the dramatic revelation of God to the Jewish people at Mount Sinai. It was a spiritual trip so powerful that every Jew literally had an out-of-body experience. The ultimate "wow!"
This week's follow-up, Mishpatim, is one of the longest Torah portions, containing an exhaustive list of over 50 separate mitzvot. Included are laws regarding murder, kidnapping, cursing authority, personal injury and property damage, occult practices, helping the poor and vulnerable, returning lost objects, and alleviating the suffering of animals.
The juxtaposition between the two Parshas is striking: After the spiritual high of Mount Sinai, why would God "bring us down" (so to speak) with all these details of daily life?! It's like being all heated up and then thrown into a cold shower. The two Parshas, it seems, are 180 degrees apart.
Actually, they're two sides of the same coin. The spiritual high of Sinai is gratifying, but it doesn't solve one problem of the world in which we live. Spirituality is not achieved by meditating alone on a mountaintop or by learning in an out-of-the-way monastery. Jewish spirituality comes through grappling with the mundane world in a way that uplifts and elevates.
Jews don't retreat from life, we elevate it. On Friday night, we raise the cup of wine and use it ― not to get drunk ― but to make Kiddush and sanctify the Sabbath day. Spirituality, says Judaism, is to be found in the kitchen, the office, and yes, even in the bedroom.
Flash of Inspiration
If that's true, why did we need Mount Sinai in the first place?
Because a powerful spiritual experience is what jump-starts our engines. We've all had such a moment of insight ― whether at a Discovery Seminar, or standing atop Masada. But that feeling lasts only a short time.
Maimonides explains this metaphorically as follows:
Imagine you're lost at night, trudging knee-deep in mud through a dark and vicious rainstorm. Suddenly a single flash of lightning appears, illuminating the road ahead. It is the only light you may see for miles. This single flash must guide you on through the night.
So too, says Maimonides, one burst of inspiration may have to last for years.
The Torah tells us that to maximize a moment of insight, we need to concretize it. The spiritual insight must take root in the reality of our physical world.
That is why ― after being commanded in last week's Parsha "Thou shall not steal" ― this week's Parsha describes how to prosecute a thief! The lofty level of yesterday is no guarantee we'll retain that level tomorrow. Only through the laws of daily life can we hope to transform ourselves and our world.
Letter vs. Spirit
Every society professes ideals of justice and compassion. But to what extent do these ideals find their expression in everyday life?
The key is legislation. By legislating Mitzvot like returning lost objects and caring for the widow and orphan, the Torah builds a framework for profound personal transformation.
This really gets down to the whole issue of "letter of the law" versus "spirit of the law." "Letter of the law" is performing an act because it is prescribed by the Torah. "Spirit of the law" is performing an act because of an inner emotional sense.
Take charity, for example. The Torah commands us to give 10 percent of our income to charity (the letter of the law), which of course is intended to develop within us feelings of compassion for others (the spirit of the law).
Of course, ideally we should have both. But given the choice of one or the other, which is actually more crucial?
Let's examine the following case from Dennis Prager:
Two Jews (of equal wealth) are each approached by a poor woman who needs money for her daughter's cancer surgery. One of these Jews, upon hearing the woman's plight, feels a deep sense of compassion, and amidst tears, gives the woman a dollar. The other Jew isn't nearly as moved, in fact he was in a hurry and couldn't talk to the woman. But because he observes the Jewish law requiring 10 percent of income go to charity, he gives the woman $100 dollars.
So who is the "better Jew?"
Judaism would love you to give 10 percent of your income from your heart. It suspects, however, that in a large majority of cases, were we to wait for people's hearts to prompt them to give away thousands of dollars annually, we would be waiting a very long time. Judaism says: Give 10 percent ― and if your heart catches up, terrific. In the meantime, a lot of good had been done.
The lesson of all this? "Doing" is more important than "feeling." And this is one of the great lessons that Jews could teach in the post-60s world which celebrated feelings. "How do you feel about it?" is not the Jewish question. "What do you do about it?" is the Jewish question.
That was the power of the Jewish people saying “Na’aseh v’Nishma” when God asked if they wanted to receive the Torah. They said: “Our primary commitment is to fulfill the mitzvot, and we will also strive to understand their practical, spiritual and intellectual meaning. But a lack of understanding will not prevent our commitment to fulfill them.”
Of course, doing the mitzvah with great feeling is the optimum, and that is what we strive for. But it’s a matter of which has top priority.
Another example is daily prayer. People say, “Well, why can’t I just pray on those occasions when I’m inspired?” And the answer is that, oftentimes, standing up to pray is exactly the catalyst needed to get you inspired! It is a pro-active approach of putting oneself in a framework which nurtures and develops inspiration ― rather than waiting for the inspiration to come to you.
The opening line of this week's Parsha is Aileh hamishpatim asher tasim lefneyhem ― which can be translated as "these are the laws which you should place inside of them." The Zohar explains that the ideals of Sinai must be internalized and absorbed into our very bones. Whenever we have a moment of insight and clarity, we must translate that energy into a concrete daily activity.
The validity of any religious experience is whether the result is a better person. That, the Torah tells us, is how we bring the heights of Sinai ... down to earth.
Shabbat Shalom,
Rabbi Shraga Simmons
(15) Chaps Pinilla, February 14, 2012 11:59 PM
Great Insight
Rabbi Simmons, although I am not an adherent of Judaism, I enjoy reading and learning from the Jewish perspective via Aish. For the past three years I have gained a greater love for Torah and its impact on my daily life. In this particular parhsa I agree with the concept of doing first rather than feeling it first. Since God's teachings are supreme, we must strive to walk them out in the spirit of loving kindness, which by the way, He bestows upon us free of charge! Thank you Rabbi, I look forward to learning more from your insight. Shalom.
(14) DorothyFrancesGoldstein, January 25, 2011 11:13 PM
Practice Finally Beat Out Waiting to Get Inspired
My grandfather Alexander Altman practiced very tolerant conservative Judiasm. His tolerance however hit the wall when it came to Jewish instruction of his grandchildren. One day, he asked my mother "So when will she start Sunday School? or some form of religious education?" Mother's unfortunate reply: "She doesn't want to, she prefers ballet lessons," Grandpa's famous answer"So if a child doesn't want to wash their hands, you permit this?" It took quite a while but eventually I came to the conclusion that following laws do indeed inspire the best feelings. Grandpa you did good.!
(13) Daniel Ratner, January 25, 2011 2:15 PM
Excellent. I will use this at my Shabbas table.
(12) Ellen, February 12, 2010 8:31 PM
FABULOUS
For years I've been reading your articles on AISH - I really love the way you bring Judaism and Torah to the world! Thanks for another AMAZING interpretation.
(11) enedina, February 17, 2009 4:38 PM
I liked the way you so clearly put it. "That we are commended to give our 10%, and if your heart catches up, terrific" I will use that quote with your promission if I may?