The Farmer and Telling the Story of the Jewish People

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Ki Tavo (Deuteronomy 26:1-29:8 )

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Storytelling is what makes us human. Interpreting events and constructing narratives about what happens to us in our lives is something we all do. Things happen to us - the basic, factual elements of a story - but as humans, we have unique perspectives that shape how a story is relayed, that give shape and meaning to the experiences we go through.

And this, perhaps, is why our sages refer to the human being as the medaber, "the speaker". Animals also communicate with one another through sounds and gestures, but it is human beings alone who construct narratives and interpret events.

We see a stark illustration of how central constructing narratives is to Jewish identity in this week's Torah portion. Ki Tavo opens with the requirement of a farmer to bring his first fruits to the Temple and make a declaration, in the presence of the Kohanim, dedicating the first fruits of his field to God. The wording of that declaration is precisely spelled out by the Torah and includes a significant word: higaditi - translated as "And I have told..." The farmer is telling a story.

What story is this farmer telling? There are the objective facts, the physical events, which led him to this point in time. He ploughed and planted and irrigated and harvested, and reaped produce from his land. But, there is also a narrative running parallel to these events. There is metaphysical shape and meaning to be found nestled in these physical details. Because bringing the first fruits to the Temple and dedicating them to God is a gesture of gratitude to the Creator. In acknowledging God's blessings - God's crucial role in bringing all of those processes quite literally to fruition - the farmer is situating his agricultural endeavours within the context of a much grander narrative, a narrative that frames his entire farming experience in the context of spiritual meaning, connection to God, and deep appreciation.

In fact, this narrative of the farmer extends further - connecting his own individual experience to a national narrative, situating his own farming efforts within the context of the Jewish people and land of Israel as a whole. As part of his declaration, the farmer tells the story of how God gave the Jewish people the land of Israel, but also how Jewish history is intertwined with our relationship with God, and how he brought us into being as nation through redeeming us from the slavery of Egypt. The farmer's declaration traces the story of how the Jewish people landed up in Egypt, how we were afflicted by the Egyptians, how we called out to God, and how He answered our cries and redeemed us with signs and wonders. And so from this mitzvah, we learn how to narrate the story of Jewish identity - a story rooted in the historical facts of the Egyptian slavery, our redemption from that slavery, the Divine mission we were given, and the gift of the land of Israel.

Narratives are important because they frame the context and the meaning of our lives. This particular narrative - the story of the foundational episode of Jewish history - is important because it frames context and meaning of Jewish history. And, of course, it's a narrative we tell over during the Pesach Seder. It's instructive that the name given to the book we read from on Pesach night is the Haggadah, which itself means the "the telling of the story". Again, there are the historical facts of our slavery in Egypt and our redemption, and all that follows - but the night of the Seder gives us an opportunity to frame those events with a particular understanding and interpretation that helps us discover our very essence as Jews.

And that's why the centrepiece of the Seder is the interaction between parents and children, because it is the platform to hand over the meaning of Jewish identity and Jewish history and Jewish mission to the next generation, by telling the story of who we are and where we come from and why we are here. In relating the facts and telling the narrative of how, through God's miracles, we came into existence as a nation, and that He gave us His Torah at Mount Sinai, and that He brought us into the land of Israel and that He gave us a Divine mission to live in accordance with His will, and to spread His light in the world, we transmit the essence of the Jewish story from one generation to the next. It's a narrative that defines us both as individuals and as the Jewish people.

The Torah itself is a framework for understanding the mission and meaning of our lives. Why is the mitzvah of learning Torah so important? Why is it referred to by our sages as the gateway to all of the other mitzvot? Why is it that our sages declare that the merit of learning Torah is equal to the merit of all the mitzvot combined? It could be because, through the mitzvah of learning Torah, we understand the story of our lives and the context and the meaning of all of the mitzvot. Through Torah learning, we discover the framework to understand the purpose and meaning of our lives. It also gives us the insight to understand the mitzvot we do. The mitzvot are not simply actions that we have to perform. With every mitzvah, there is an accompanying narrative. Only through learning Torah can we understand, for example, that Shabbos is not only about what we can or can't do on a particular day of the week, but it's about a day that reminds us of the fact that God created the world and He took us out of Egypt and we owe our allegiance to Him.

When we give our money to charity, it's with an understanding of the narrative that all blessings and material prosperity come from God and that He gives us this prosperity in order to be able to give to others and to share it with the world, and that when we are giving away money, it is not our own money that we are giving away, we are merely allocating it in accordance with the wishes of the One who gave it to us originally, God Himself. When we learn Torah, we understand that every person is created in God's image and that requires of us to treat everyone with sensitivity, with kindness, with compassion, with dignity and with respect. So many of the mitzvot relate to how we treat one another and the ethics of these interpersonal relationships. These are not just actions. There is a narrative that surrounds it, a narrative of understanding and meaning of what it means to be a human being.

Through the halacha, we are constantly framing our reality, and so, for example, when we say a blessing on a fruit, we are framing the reality that God created it and that when we enjoy it, we do so as a gift from Him. When we wake up in the morning and say thank you God for having returned our souls, we are acknowledging the gift of life, and the very fact that we are alive and can breathe and function is a gift from God, which we can appreciate and rejoice in.

This idea of constructing narratives also touches on the essence of leadership. One of the words for a leader in the Torah is nagid (Samuel 2:5:2). The Radak says nagid comes from the Hebrew word neged, which means "facing" - the idea is that people face the leader, looking towards them for guidance, support and direction. But, perhaps there's another meaning of nagid, based on the word higaditi from our parsha, "to tell the story". One of the responsibilities of leadership is to provide the narrative and tell the overarching story of our lives; to frame the times we live in and place them within a wider, meaningful context.

Each of us can be a nagid. Each of us is called on to play leadership roles in one way or another. Some people have official positions within society, but everyone is involved in influencing and leading the people around them in some way. We play leadership roles in our families, among our friends, in our communities, in our business or other kinds of organisations, and in society in general. Parents, especially, are leaders, who frame the meaning and values of their children's lives. Providing the narrative for life is one of the most sacred dimensions of parenting. Whether it's among our children, our peers, our communities, our places of work, each of us has the opportunity to create the narrative, to frame experiences, to provide shape, meaning and context to our own lives and the lives of those around us - to lead by example and inspire virtue in others. The story is ours to tell.

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